| Title: | Associations of grip strength and muscle mass with incident complications in patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study |
| Journal: | Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice |
| Published: | 19 May 2026 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42155606/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113330 |
Publication 19998
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Declines in muscle strength and mass are common in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and are associated with adverse clinical outcomes. However, it remains unclear whether muscle strength or muscle mass provides better prognostic information in this population. This study aimed to examine the associations of grip strength and muscle mass with incident complications in patients with T2D.</p>
METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 10,844 participants with T2D who were free of complications at baseline from the UK Biobank. Grip strength was assessed using a Jamar J00105 hydraulic hand dynamometer, and skeletal muscle mass was estimated via bioelectrical impedance analysis using the Janssen equation. Both grip strength and muscle mass were categorized into sex-specific tertiles. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to examine their associations with the risk of 12 incident complications.</p>
RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 13.2 years, a total of 11,373 incident complications were recorded. Compared to the high grip strength group, low grip strength was significantly associated with increased risks of coronary artery disease (HR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.10-1.37), heart failure (HR = 1.35, 1.13-1.60), peripheral arterial disease (HR = 1.33, 1.03-1.73), dementia (HR = 1.54, 1.09-2.16), diabetic kidney disease (HR = 1.39, 1.21-1.58), diabetic neuropathy (HR = 1.57, 1.25-1.96), diabetic retinopathy (HR = 1.26, 1.09-1.46), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR = 1.57, 1.29-1.90), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (HR = 1.43, 1.13-1.82), and osteoporosis (HR = 1.84, 1.37-2.47). A significant interaction between grip strength and sex was observed, with the inverse association between grip strength and coronary artery disease risk being stronger in women than in men. In contrast, compared to the high muscle mass group, low muscle mass was associated with an increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease only (HR = 1.40, 1.11-1.76).</p>
CONCLUSIONS: Lower grip strength is associated with an increased risk of a wide range of incident diabetes-related complications, and its predictive value is superior to that of muscle mass. Future studies should evaluate whether interventions aimed at improving muscle strength can reduce the incidence of these complications among individuals with T2D.</p>
16 Authors
- Yi Ding
- Wei Sheng
- Jue Shi
- Ziqi Zhang
- You Yu
- Yingying Xiang
- Xuming Zhang
- Deji Song
- Yizhou Xiang
- Yunshu Shen
- Jiayi Gong
- Yiyong Su
- Lili Lu
- Guangwei Liu
- Guang Ji
- Li Zhang
1 Application
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 221713 | Exploring the associations of lifestyle, environmental and genetic factors on metabolic diseases and cancer |
Enabling scientific discoveries that improve human health