| Title: | Overweight, obesity, and individual symptoms of depression: A multicohort study with replication in UK Biobank |
| Journal: | Brain Behavior and Immunity |
| Published: | 16 Jul 2022 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35853559/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2022.07.009 |
| URL: | http://repositori.upf.edu/bitstream/10230/55344/1/frank-bbi-over.pdf |
| Citations: | 34 (32 in last 2 years) as of 8 Aug 2024 |
Publication 12300
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Obesity is associated with increased risk of depression, but the extent to which this association is symptom-specific is unknown. We examined the associations of overweight and obesity with individual depressive symptoms.</p>
METHODS: We pooled data from 15 population-based cohorts comprising 57,532 individuals aged 18 to 100 years at study entry. Primary analyses were replicated in an independent cohort, the UK Biobank study (n = 122,341, age range 38 to 72). Height and weight were assessed at baseline and body mass index (BMI) was computed. Using validated self-report measures, 24 depressive symptoms were ascertained once in 16 cross-sectional, and twice in 7 prospective cohort studies (mean follow-up 3.2 years).</p>
RESULTS: In the pooled analysis of the primary cohorts, 22,045 (38.3 %) participants were overweight (BMI between 25 and 29.9 kg/m2), 12,025 (20.9 %) class I obese (BMI between 30 and 34.9 kg/m2), 7,467 (13.0 %) class II-III obese (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2); and 7,046 (12.3 %) were classified as depressed. After multivariable adjustment, obesity class I was cross-sectionally associated with 1.11-fold (95 % confidence interval 1.01-1.22), and obesity class II-III with 1.31-fold (1.16-1.49) higher odds of overall depression. In symptom-specific analyses, robust associations were apparent for 4 of the 24 depressive symptoms ('could not get going/lack of energy', 'little interest in doing things', 'feeling bad about yourself, and 'feeling depressed'), with confounder-adjusted odds ratios of having 3 or 4 of these symptoms being 1.32 (1.10-1.57) for individuals with obesity class I, and 1.70 (1.34-2.14) for those with obesity class II-III. Elevated C-reactive protein and 21 obesity-related diseases explained 23 %-31 % of these associations. Symptom-specific associations were confirmed in longitudinal analyses where obesity preceded symptom onset, were stronger in women compared with men, and were replicated in UK Biobank.</p>
CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is associated with a distinct set of depressive symptoms. These associations are partially explained by systemic inflammation and obesity-related morbidity. Awareness of this obesity-related symptom profile and its underlying biological correlates may inform better targeted treatments for comorbid obesity and depression.</p>
14 Keywords
- Adult
- Aged
- Biological Specimen Banks
- Body Mass Index
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Depression
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Obesity
- Overweight
- Prospective Studies
- United Kingdom
6 Authors
- Philipp Frank
- Markus Jokela
- G. David Batty
- Camille Lassale
- Andrew Steptoe
- Mika Kivimäki
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