| Title: | Does coffee consumption impact on heaviness of smoking? |
| Journal: | Addiction |
| Published: | 12 Jul 2017 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28556459/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13888 |
| URL: | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/add.13888 |
Publication 2821
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Coffee consumption and cigarette smoking are strongly associated, but whether this association is causal remains unclear. We sought to: (1) determine whether coffee consumption influences cigarette smoking causally, (2) estimate the magnitude of any association and (3) explore potential mechanisms.</p>
DESIGN: We used Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses of observational data, using publicly available summarized data from the Tobacco and Genetics (TAG) consortium, individual-level data from the UK Biobank and in-vitro experiments of candidate compounds.</p>
SETTING: The TAG consortium includes data from studies in several countries. The UK Biobank includes data from men and women recruited across England, Wales and Scotland.</p>
PARTICIPANTS: The TAG consortium provided data on n ≤ 38 181 participants. The UK Biobank provided data on 8072 participants.</p>
MEASUREMENTS: In MR analyses, the exposure was coffee consumption (cups/day) and the outcome was heaviness of smoking (cigarettes/day). In our in-vitro experiments we assessed the effect of caffeic acid, quercetin and p-coumaric acid on the rate of nicotine metabolism in human liver microsomes and cDNA-expressed human CYP2A6.</p>
FINDINGS: Two-sample MR analyses of TAG consortium data indicated that heavier coffee consumption might lead to reduced heaviness of smoking [beta = -1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -2.88 to -0.09]. However, in-vitro experiments found that the compounds investigated are unlikely to inhibit significantly the rate of nicotine metabolism following coffee consumption. Further MR analyses in UK Biobank found no evidence of a causal relationship between coffee consumption and heaviness of smoking (beta = 0.20, 95% CI = -1.72 to 2.12).</p>
CONCLUSIONS: Amount of coffee consumption is unlikely to have a major causal impact upon amount of cigarette smoking. If it does influence smoking, this is not likely to operate via effects of caffeic acid, quercetin or p-coumaric acid on nicotine metabolism. The observational association between coffee consumption and cigarette smoking may be due to smoking impacting on coffee consumption or confounding.</p>
10 Authors
- Jennifer J. Ware
- Julie-Anne Tanner
- Amy E. Taylor
- Zhao Bin
- Philip Haycock
- Jack Bowden
- Peter J. Rogers
- George Davey Smith
- Rachel F. Tyndale
- Marcus R. Munafò
1 Application
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 9142 | Using Mendelian Randomisation to investigate the causal effects of caffeine and smoking on health outcomes. |
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