| Title: | Impaired Rest-Activity Rhythm Characteristics Predict Higher Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes in UK Biobank Participants. |
| Journal: | Diabetes Care |
| Published: | 26 Jun 2025 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40569828/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.2337/dc25-0309 |
Publication 16471
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Circadian rhythms play a key role in metabolic health. Rest-activity rhythms, which are in part driven by circadian rhythms, may be associated with diabetes risk. There is a need for large prospective studies to comprehensively examine different rest-activity metrics to determine their relative strength in predicting risk of incident type 2 diabetes.</p>
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In actigraphy data from 83,887 UK Biobank participants, we applied both parametric and nonparametric algorithms to derive 13 different metrics characterizing different aspects of rest-activity rhythm. Diabetes cases were identified using both self-reported data and health records. We used Cox proportional hazards models to assess associations between rest-activity parameters and type 2 diabetes risk and random forest models to determine the relative importance of these parameters in risk prediction.</p>
RESULTS: We found that multiple rest-activity characteristics were predictive of a higher risk of incident diabetes, including lower pseudo-F statistic (hazard ratio [HR] of quintile 1 [Q1] vs. Q5 1.27; 95% CI 1.09-1.46; Ptrend < 0.001), lower amplitude (HRQ1 vs. Q5 2.56; 95% CI 2.21-2.97; Ptrend < 0.001), lower midline estimating statistic of rhythm (HRQ1 vs. Q5 2.59; 95% CI 2.24-3.00; Ptrend < 0.001), lower relative amplitude (HRQ1 vs. Q5 4.64; 95% CI 3.74-5.76; Ptrend < 0.001), lower M10 (HRQ1 vs. Q5 3.82; 95% CI 3.20-4.55; Ptrend < 0.001), higher L5 (HRQ5 vs. Q1 1.88; 95% CI 1.62-2.19; Ptrend < 0.001), and later L5 start time (HRQ5 vs. Q1 1.20; 95% CI 1.04-1.38; Ptrend = 0.004). Random forest models ranked most of the rest-activity metrics as top predictors of diabetes incidence, when compared with traditional diabetes risk factors. The findings were consistent across subgroups of age, sex, BMI, and shift work status.</p>
CONCLUSIONS: Rest-activity rhythm characteristics measured from actigraphy data may serve as digital biomarkers for predicting type 2 diabetes risk.</p>
14 Keywords
- Actigraphy
- Aged
- Biological Specimen Banks
- Circadian Rhythm
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prospective Studies
- Rest
- Risk Factors
- UK Biobank
- United Kingdom
8 Authors
- Chris Ho Ching Yeung
- Alison K Wright
- Daniel P Windred
- Angus C Burns
- Andrew J K Phillips
- Sean W Cain
- Martin K Rutter
- Qian Xiao
1 Application
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 6818 | Sleep and chronotype and their causal links with cardiometabolic and chronic inflammatory diseases |
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