| Title: | Population attributable risk of traditional, under-recognised and female-specific factors for heart failure in women |
| Journal: | Heart |
| Published: | 4 Aug 2025 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40759468/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2025-326345 |
Publication 16036
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) imposes a major health burden on women. While traditional (well-established) risk factors are well studied, less attention has been given to psychosocial, environmental and female-specific reproductive risk factors. This study quantifies the contribution of these risk domains to incident HF in women.</p>
METHODS: We included 233 125 women from the UK Biobank with a median follow-up of 13.7 years. 22 risk factors were grouped as well-established (eg, hypertension), under-recognised (eg, depression, socioeconomic deprivation) or female-specific (eg, early age at menopause, parity). Cox regression models and population attributable fractions (PAFs) were used to estimate HF risk and burden. Analyses were stratified by age and obesity.</p>
RESULTS: A total of 6077 women developed HF. The overall PAF for all risk factors was 66.0%. Hypertension had the largest individual contribution (PAF 25.3%). Well-established, under-recognised and female-specific risk factors accounted for 46.0%, 25.5% and 15.5% of HF cases, respectively. Chronic inflammatory diseases, early age at menopause and early age at first birth were key reproductive drivers. Age-stratified analyses showed the highest HF burden in women aged 55-59 years (PAF 70.0%).</p>
CONCLUSION: A combination of modifiable, psychosocial, environmental and reproductive risk factors accounts for two-thirds of HF cases in women. Tailored, life course-oriented prevention strategies are essential to reduce this burden.</p>
5 Authors
- Shiyi Shan
- Weidi Sun
- Jing Wu
- Yajie Zhu
- Peige Song
1 Application
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 65155 | Exploring the sex-specific associations of early life conditions, classical risk factors and polygenic risk with the development of major non-communicable diseases |
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