| Title: | EAT-Lancet diet pattern, genetic risk, and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective study from the UK Biobank |
| Journal: | American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |
| Published: | 22 Feb 2025 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39993568/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.02.025 |
Publication 15883
WARNING: the interactive features of this website use CSS3, which your browser does not support. To use the full features of this website, please update your browser.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Diet and genetic risk are risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). The interaction between the EAT (Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems)-Lancet diet and genetic variants on CRC risk remains unclear.</p>
OBJECTIVES: We aim to investigate the association between EAT-Lancet diet and CRC risk and to evaluate its combined effect with genetic risk on CRC risk.</p>
METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study involving 177,441 participants from the UK Biobank who completed 24-h food recall questionnaires at least once. The EAT-Lancet Diet Index (ELD-I) was calculated using the dietary recall data to assess EAT-Lancet diet, and a polygenic risk score (PRS) was constructed by using 197 single-nucleotide polymorphisms to evaluate genetic risk. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models to assess the associations.</p>
RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 13.05 y, 2,016 participants developed CRC. Higher ELD-I was significantly associated with a reduced CRC risk (the highest compared with the lowest HR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.76-0.99). A significant additive interaction between PRS and ELD-I was identified on CRC risk (relative excess risk due to interaction: 0.142, 95% CI: 0.058, 0.225). The ELD-I was significantly associated with reduced CRC risk in individuals with moderate but not low and high genetic risk, with HRs (95% CIs) of 0.76 (0.63, 0.92), 0.84 (0.53, 1.33), and 0.96 (0.76, 1.20), respectively. Compared with participants with higher PRS and lower ELD-I, those with lower PRS and higher ELD-I showed a 75% reduction in CRC risk (HR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.36).</p>
CONCLUSIONS: The ELD-I could reduce 13% of CRC risk, especially in individuals with a moderate genetic risk. Individuals with high ELD-I and low PRS had the lowest CRC risk than those with low ELD-I and high PRS. These findings underscore the potential role of EAT-Lancet Diet in CRC prevention.</p>
16 Keywords
- Adult
- Aged
- Biological Specimen Banks
- Colorectal Neoplasms
- Diet
- Diet, Healthy
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Prospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- UK Biobank
- United Kingdom
15 Authors
- Fu-Lan Hu
- Jia-Cheng Liu
- Dong-Run Li
- Yi-Lin Xu
- Bang-Quan Liu
- Xi Chen
- Wen-Rui Zheng
- Yi-Fan Wei
- Fang-Hua Liu
- Yi-Zi Li
- He-Li Xu
- Fan Cao
- Ming-Xing Ma
- Ting-Ting Gong
- Qi-Jun Wu
Enabling scientific discoveries that improve human health