| Title: | Higher dietary glycemic index, but not glycemic load, is associated with increased risk of ulcerative colitis: a prospective cohort study |
| Journal: | Journal of Crohn's and Colitis |
| Published: | 6 Mar 2025 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40048698/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaf036 |
Publication 15646
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Total carbohydrate intake has been inconsistently associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk in previous epidemiological studies. We aimed to evaluate the effects of glycemic index and glycemic load, 2 main indicators for measuring the quality and quantity of carbohydrates, on the risk of IBD subtypes (ie, Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC]).</p>
METHODS: We included 121 148 UK Biobank participants without IBD at baseline, and collected dietary information from a validated web-based 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. Overall dietary glycemic index and glycemic load were estimated. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. Substitution analyses were conducted to test associations after replacing medium- or high-glycemic-index foods with low-glycemic-index foods.</p>
RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 10.6 years, 133 incident CD and 335 incident UC cases were identified. Dietary glycemic index was associated with UC but not CD. The HR of UC was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.01-1.27) per 1-SD increment and 1.46 (95% CI, 1.07-1.99) for the highest versus lowest quartile of glycemic index. Replacing medium or medium- and high-glycemic-index foods with low-glycemic-index foods was associated with a lower risk of UC. No significant associations were found between dietary glycemic load with risk of CD and UC.</p>
CONCLUSIONS: A higher dietary glycemic index, but not glycemic load, is associated with an increased risk of UC, underscoring the importance of considering glycemic index in dietary recommendations for UC prevention.</p>
16 Keywords
- Adult
- Colitis, Ulcerative
- Crohn Disease
- Diet
- Dietary Carbohydrates
- Female
- Glycemic Index
- Glycemic Load
- Humans
- Incidence
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Prospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- United Kingdom
11 Authors
- Shuyu Ye
- Tian Fu
- Yiwen Tu
- Judith Wellens
- Xuejie Chen
- Susanna C Larsson
- Jiangwei Sun
- Lintao Dan
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Jie Chen
- Fernando Magro
2 Applications
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 73595 | Comorbidities and Systemic Inflammation Related Outcomes of Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
| 79612 | Disentangle the interplay between genetic predisposition, social environment, and lifestyle in the development of complex and common aging-related diseases and syndromes |
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