| Title: | Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts: a variant update and review of the literature |
| Journal: | Frontiers in Genetics |
| Published: | 29 Feb 2024 |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2024.1352947 |
| URL: | https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/genetics/articles/10.3389/fgene.2024.1352947/pdf |
Publication 8634
WARNING: the interactive features of this website use CSS3, which your browser does not support. To use the full features of this website, please update your browser.
Abstract
The leukodystrophy megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC) is characterized by infantile-onset macrocephaly and chronic edema of the brain white matter. With delayed onset, patients typically experience motor problems, epilepsy and slow cognitive decline. No treatment is available. Classic MLC is caused by bi-allelic recessive pathogenic variants in MLC1 or GLIALCAM (also called HEPACAM). Heterozygous dominant pathogenic variants in GLIALCAM lead to remitting MLC, where patients show a similar phenotype in early life, followed by normalization of white matter edema and no clinical regression. Rare patients with heterozygous dominant variants in GPRC5B and classic MLC were recently described. In addition, two siblings with bi-allelic recessive variants in AQP4 and remitting MLC have been identified. The last systematic overview of variants linked to MLC dates back to 2006. We provide an updated overview of published and novel variants. We report on genetic variants from 508 patients with MLC as confirmed by MRI diagnosis (258 from our database and 250 extracted from 64 published reports). We describe 151 unique MLC1 variants, 29 GLIALCAM variants, 2 GPRC5B variants and 1 AQP4 variant observed in these MLC patients. We include experiments confirming pathogenicity for some variants, discuss particularly notable variants, and provide an overview of recent scientific and clinical insight in the pathophysiology of MLC.</p>
10 Authors
- Emma M. J. Passchier
- Quinty Bisseling
- Guy Helman
- Rosalina M. L. van Spaendonk
- Cas Simons
- René C. L. Olsthoorn
- Hieke van der Veen
- Truus E. M. Abbink
- Marjo S. van der Knaap
- Rogier Min
1 Application
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 16406 | Causes of individual differences in cognitive and mental health |
Enabling scientific discoveries that improve human health