| Title: | Habitual Short Sleep Duration, Diet, and Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults |
| Journal: | JAMA Network Open |
| Published: | 4 Mar 2024 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38441893/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.1147 |
| URL: | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/articlepdf/2815684/nga_2024_oi_240073_1708613274.52617.pdf |
Publication 8605
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Abstract
Importance: Understanding the interplay between sleep duration, dietary habits, and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) is crucial for public health and diabetes prevention strategies.</p>
Objective: To investigate the associations of type of diet and duration of sleep with the development of T2D.</p>
Design, Setting, and Participants: Data derived from the UK Biobank baseline investigation (2006-2010) were analyzed for this cohort study between May 1 and September 30, 2023. The association between sleep duration and healthy dietary patterns with the risk of T2D was investigated during a median (IQR) follow-up of 12.5 (11.8-13.2) years (end of follow-up, September 30, 2021).</p>
Exposure: For the analysis, 247 867 participants were categorized into 4 sleep duration groups: normal (7-8 hours per day), mild short (6 hours per day), moderate short (5 hours per day), and extreme short (3-4 hours per day). Their dietary habits were evaluated based on population-specific consumption of red meat, processed meat, fruits, vegetables, and fish, resulting in a healthy diet score ranging from 0 (unhealthiest) to 5 (healthiest).</p>
Main Outcomes and Measures: Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the development of T2D across various sleep duration groups and healthy diet scores.</p>
Results: The cohort comprised 247 867 participants with a mean [SD] age of 55.9 [8.1] years, of whom 52.3% were female. During the follow-up, 3.2% of participants were diagnosed with T2D based on hospital registry data. Cox regression analysis, adjusted for confounding variables, indicated a significant increase in the risk of T2D among participants with 5 hours or less of daily sleep. Individuals sleeping 5 hours per day exhibited a 1.16 adjusted HR (95% CI, 1.05-1.28), and individuals sleeping 3 to 4 hours per day exhibited a 1.41 adjusted HR (95% CI, 1.19-1.68) compared with individuals with normal sleep duration. Furthermore, individuals with the healthiest dietary patterns had a reduced risk of T2D (HR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.63-0.88]). The association between short sleep duration and increased risk of T2D persisted even for individuals following a healthy diet, but there was no multiplicative interaction between sleep duration and healthy diet score.</p>
Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study involving UK residents, habitual short sleep duration was associated with increased risk of developing T2D. This association persisted even among participants who maintained a healthy diet. To validate these findings, further longitudinal studies are needed, incorporating repeated measures of sleep (including objective assessments) and dietary habits.</p>
8 Authors
- Diana Aline Nôga
- Elisa de Mello e Souza Meth
- André Pekkola Pacheco
- Xiao Tan
- Jonathan Cedernaes
- Lieve Thecla van Egmond
- Pei Xue
- Christian Benedict
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