| Title: | A healthful plant-based diet is associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk via improved metabolic state and organ function: A prospective cohort study |
| Journal: | Diabetes & Metabolism |
| Published: | 28 Nov 2023 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38036055/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabet.2023.101499 |
Publication 8244
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Plant-based diets are becoming increasingly popular due to favourable environmental footprints and have been associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, we investigated the potential mechanisms to explain the lower T2DM risk observed among individuals following plant-based diets.</p>
METHODS: Prospective data from the UK Biobank, a cohort study of participants aged 40 to 69 years at baseline, was evaluated. Associations between healthful and unhealthful plant-based indices (hPDI and uPDI) and T2DM risk were analysed by multivariable Cox regression models, followed by causal mediation analyses to investigate which cardiometabolic risk factors explained the observed associations.</p>
RESULTS: Of 113,097 study participants 2,628 developed T2DM over 12 years of follow-up. Participants with the highest hPDI scores (Quartile 4) had a 24 % lower T2DM risk compared to those with the lowest scores (Quartile 1) [Hazard Ratio (HR): 0.76, 95 % Confidence Interval (CI): 0.68-0.85]. This association was mediated by a lower BMI (proportion mediated: 28 %), lower waist circumference (28 %), and lower concentrations of HBA1c (11 %), triglycerides (9 %), alanine aminotransferase (5 %), gamma glutamyl transferase (4 %), C-reactive protein (4 %), insulin-like growth factor 1 (4 %), cystatin C (4 %) and urate (4 %). Higher uPDI scores were associated with a 37 % higher T2DM risk [HR: 1.37, 95 % CI:1.22- 1.53], with higher waist circumference (proportion mediated: 17 %), BMI (7 %), and higher concentrations of triglycerides (13 %) potentially playing mediating roles.</p>
CONCLUSION: Healthful plant-based diets may protect against T2DM via lower body fatness, but also via normoglycaemia, lower basal inflammation as well as improved kidney and liver function.</p>
9 Authors
- Alysha S Thompson
- Catharina J Candussi
- Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- Amy Jennings
- Nicola P Bondonno
- Claire Hill
- Solomon A Sowah
- Aedín Cassidy
- Tilman Kühn
1 Application
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 64426 | Dietary factors in relation to risks of major chronic diseases and mortality |
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