| Title: | Data-driven subtypes of type 2 diabetes and risk of dementia, stroke, and brain structural changes in the UK Biobank |
| Journal: | Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice |
| Published: | 8 May 2026 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42107717/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113311 |
| URL: | https://www.diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com/article/S0168-8227(26)00231-7/pdf |
Publication 20115
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Abstract
AIMS: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased risks of dementia and stroke with heterogeneity. We aimed to identify data-driven T2D subtypes and examine associations with dementia, stroke, mortality, and brain structure.</p>
METHODS: In 14,353 UK Biobank participants with T2D (mean age 59.8 years), k-means clustering was applied using age at diagnosis, body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance, systolic blood pressure, and C-reactive protein. Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Brain structural measures were analyzed in a subset.</p>
RESULTS: Three subtypes emerged: severe obesity-related inflammatory diabetes (SOID), mild metabolic diabetes (MMD, reference), and mild age-related hypertension-predominant diabetes (MARD-H). Versus MMD, SOID showed higher risks of all-cause dementia (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01-1.52), vascular dementia (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.01-1.99), stroke (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.14-1.68), ischemic stroke (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.21-1.82), all-cause mortality (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.45-1.74), and cardiovascular death (HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.59-2.23). MARD-H showed modest relative but highest absolute risks. SOID showed lower gray matter and greater white matter hyperintensity.</p>
CONCLUSIONS: T2D subtypes show distinct vascular and neurological risks. The obesity-inflammation subtype carries elevated risks of dementia, stroke, mortality, and adverse brain changes.</p>
5 Authors
- Si Han
- Yingying Zhou
- Miriam Sturkenboom
- Geert Jan Biessels
- Fariba Ahmadizar
1 Application
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 100993 | Progression of cognitive decline across the entire glycemic spectrum: Towards the multifactorial mechanisms and target interventions. |
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