| Title: | Integrating immune-cell transcriptomic data with Mendelian randomisation reveals novel causal genes for type 2 diabetes and its complications |
| Journal: | Diabetologia |
| Published: | 12 May 2026 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42118257/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-026-06747-w |
Publication 20092
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Abstract
Aims/hypothesisThe aim of this study was to facilitate the fine classification of diabetic complications and the prioritisation of drug targets via immune-cell-related gene expression data, distinguishing cell-type-related pleiotropy.MethodsWe analysed the combined clinical, genetic and immune-related features of diabetic complications, generating distinct clusters. Using 18,611 immune expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) of 4487 genes, we investigated the causal effects of immune-cell-related gene expression on the risks of type 2 diabetes and its complications through Mendelian randomisation (MR) and colocalisation approaches. We then explored cell-type-related enrichment and specificity, and attenuated the cell-type-related pleiotropy for the top MR findings via multivariable MR methods.ResultsClustering analyses identified diabetic neuropathy as a distinct cluster of diabetes complications, with distinct immune-related features. MR and colocalisation analyses revealed the expression of 425 and 123 unique genes associated with type 2 diabetes and its complications, respectively, with external validation performed using single-cell RNA-seq data. We further quantified the impacts of cell-type-related pleiotropy, demonstrating that the percentage of pleiotropic genes increased from 40.0% (classic pleiotropy) to 71.1% (classic and/or cell-type-related pleiotropy). Applying six multivariable MR (MVMR) methods substantially attenuated the cell-type-related pleiotropy for the top findings. Finally, we integrated clinical trial evidence with genetic evidence and prioritised ten immune-related drug targets for diabetic complications.Conclusions/interpretationOur study supports a key role for immune mechanisms in diabetic complications and highlights promising therapeutic targets by distinguishing and minimising the influence of cell-type-related pleiotropy.Graphical Abstract</p>
16 Authors
- Yilan Ding
- Haoyu Liu
- Lei Jiang
- Qian Yang
- Shuangyuan Wang
- Hong Lin
- Mian Li
- Zhiyun Zhao
- Tiange Wang
- Min Xu
- Yu Xu
- Guang Ning
- Weiqing Wang
- Yufang Bi
- Jie Zheng
- Jieli Lu
1 Application
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 104086 | Omics Harbour: a multi-ancestry causal atlas of plasma proteome on human phoneme |
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