| Title: | The association between urinary sodium and the risk of dementia: Evidence from a population-based cohort study |
| Journal: | Journal of Affective Disorders |
| Published: | 14 Jul 2024 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39009316/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.046 |
Publication 12836
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sodium intake reduction is crucial for cardiovascular health, however, its lasting impact on dementia remains unclear.</p>
METHODS: We included 458,577 UK Biobank participants without dementia at baseline. We estimated 24-h urinary sodium (E24hUNa) using spot urinary parameters and obtained the incidence of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia from multiple sources.</p>
RESULTS: The mean E24hUNa was 3.0 g (1st-99th percentile: 1.5 g-5.1 g). Over a mean follow-up of 13.6 years, 7886 (1.7 %) participants developed all-cause dementia, including 3763 (0.8 %) Alzheimer's disease and 1851 (0.4 %) vascular dementia. In the restricted cubic spline model, we identify a potential cutoff of 3.13 g for E24hUNa, below which each 1 g decrease in E24hUNa was associated with 21 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.11-1.34) higher all-cause dementia risk and 35 % (95 % CI 1.11-1.63) higher vascular dementia risk (P-value <0.001 for non-linearity). The hazard ratios were 1.15 (95 % CI, 1.07-1.24) for all-cause dementia and 1.21 (95 % CI 1.04-1.40) for vascular dementia among individuals with E24hUNa below 3.13 g compared to those with E24hUNa higher than 3.13 g.</p>
LIMITATIONS: One of the major limitations is the estimation of 24-h urinary sodium with spot urine samples.</p>
CONCLUSIONS: An E24hUNa level below 3.13 g, equivalent to 3.37 g daily sodium intake, is associated with increased risks of all-cause and vascular dementia. This exploratory study suggests a potential lower limit below which the risk of dementia increases with a lower sodium level. Future studies are necessary to validate our findings.</p>
13 Keywords
- Aged
- Alzheimer Disease
- Cohort Studies
- Dementia
- Dementia, Vascular
- Female
- Humans
- Incidence
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Risk Factors
- Sodium
- United Kingdom
12 Authors
- Ying Li
- Qi Feng
- Shiyu Wang
- Bingyu Li
- Bang Zheng
- Nana Peng
- Bingli Li
- Yiwen Jiang
- Di Liu
- Zhirong Yang
- Feng Sha
- Jinling Tang
1 Application
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 80476 | Risk factors and prognosis of common mental disorders |
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