| Title: | Using Alternative Definitions of Controls to Increase Statistical Power in GWAS |
| Journal: | Behavior Genetics |
| Published: | 13 Jun 2024 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38869698/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-024-10187-w |
Publication 11858
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Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are often underpowered due to small effect sizes of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on phenotypes and extreme multiple testing thresholds. The most common approach for increasing statistical power is to increase sample size. We propose an alternative strategy of redefining case-control outcomes into ordinal case-subthreshold-asymptomatic variables. While maintaining the clinical case threshold, we subdivide controls into two groups: individuals who are symptomatic but do not meet the clinical criteria for diagnosis (subthreshold) and individuals who are effectively asymptomatic. We conducted a simulation study to examine the impact of effect size, minor allele frequency, population prevalence, and the prevalence of the subthreshold group on statistical power to detect genetic associations in three scenarios: a standard case-control, an ordinal, and a case-asymptomatic control analysis. Our results suggest the ordinal model consistently provides the greatest statistical power while the case-control model the least. Power in the case-asymptomatic control model reflects the case-control or ordinal model depending on the population prevalence and size of the subthreshold category. We then analyzed a major depression phenotype from the UK Biobank to corroborate our simulation results. Overall, the ordinal model improves statistical power in GWAS consistent with increasing the sample size by approximately 10%.</p>
4 Authors
- Sarah E. Benstock
- Katherine Weaver
- John M. Hettema
- Brad Verhulst
1 Application
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 57923 | Using genetic and brain imaging data from the UK Biobank to develop novel methods for understanding mental health problems |
Enabling scientific discoveries that improve human health