| Title: | Thyroid Function and Risk of Anemia: A Multivariable-Adjusted and Mendelian Randomization Analysis in the UK Biobank |
| Journal: | The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism |
| Published: | 13 Sep 2021 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34514498/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab674 |
| URL: | https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-pdf/107/2/e643/42224620/dgab674.pdf |
| Citations: | 12 (10 in last 2 years) as of 8 Aug 2024 |
Publication 5906
WARNING: the interactive features of this website use CSS3, which your browser does not support. To use the full features of this website, please update your browser.
Abstract
CONTEXT: Thyroid dysfunction is associated with higher anemia prevalence, although causality remains unclear.</p>
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the association between thyroid function and anemia.</p>
METHODS: This cross-sectional and Mendelian randomization study included 445 482 European participants from the UK Biobank (mean age 56.77 years (SD 8.0); and 54.2% women). Self-reported clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism was stated by 21 860 (4.9%); self-reported clinical diagnosis of hyperthyroidism by 3431 (0.8%). Anemia, defined as hemoglobin level of < 13 g/dL in men and < 12 g/dL in women, was present in 18 717 (4.2%) participants.</p>
RESULTS: In cross-sectional logistic regression analyses, self-reported clinical diagnoses of hypo- and hyperthyroidism were associated with higher odds of anemia (OR 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05-1.19 and OR 1.09; 95% CI, 0.91-1.30), although with wide confidence intervals for hyperthyroidism. We did not observe an association of higher or lower genetically influenced thyrotropin (TSH) with anemia (vs middle tertile: OR for lowest tertile 0.98 [95% CI, 0.95-1.02]; highest tertile 1.02 [95% CI, 0.98-1.06]), nor of genetically influenced free thyroxine (fT4) with anemia. Individuals with genetic variants in the DIO3OS gene implicated in intracellular regulation of thyroid hormones had a higher anemia risk (OR 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.10); no association was observed with variants in DIO1 or DIO2 genes.</p>
CONCLUSION: While self-reported clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism was associated with higher anemia risk, we did not find evidence supporting a causal association with variation of thyroid function within the euthyroid range. However, intracellular regulation of thyroid hormones might play a role in developing anemia.</p>
18 Keywords
- Aged
- Anemia
- Biological Specimen Banks
- Causality
- Cohort Studies
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Female
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Humans
- Hypothyroidism
- Male
- Mendelian Randomization Analysis
- Middle Aged
- Prevalence
- Self Report
- Thyroid Gland
- Thyrotropin
- United Kingdom
7 Authors
- Nicolien A van Vliet
- Annelies E P Kamphuis
- Wendy P J den Elzen
- Gerard J Blauw
- Jacobijn Gussekloo
- Raymond Noordam
- Diana van Heemst
Enabling scientific discoveries that improve human health