| Title: | Gluten Intake and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: Prospective Findings from the UK Biobank |
| Journal: | Journal of Nutrition |
| Published: | 1 Mar 2021 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33382415/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa387 |
| URL: | https://academic.oup.com/jn/article-pdf/151/3/591/36547491/nxaa387.pdf |
| Citations: | 8 (2 in last 2 years) as of 8 Aug 2024 |
Publication 5089
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Gluten has been linked to adverse effects on metabolic and vascular health.</p>
OBJECTIVES: The present study determines the association between dietary gluten intake and all-cause (primary objective), as well as cause-specific, mortality in people without celiac disease.</p>
METHODS: Gluten intake was estimated in 159,265 participants of the UK Biobank which is a large multicenter, prospective cohort study initiated in 2006. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used and HRs were determined for all-cause and cause-specific mortality. All models were adjusted for confounders and multiple testing.</p>
RESULTS: Median (IQR) age was 57 (49-62) y with 52.1% of participants being female. Gluten intake was 8.5 (5.1-12.4) g/d with significantly higher consumption in males [10.0 (6.3-14.1) g/d] than in females [7.2 (4.6-10.7) g/d] (P < 0.0001). During a median follow-up of 11.1 (10.6-11.9) y and 1.8 million person-years, 6259 deaths occurred. Gluten intake was not significantly associated with all-cause mortality after adjusting for confounders (HR: 1.00; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.01; P = 0.59). Dietary gluten was not significantly associated with cancer (HR: 1.00; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.01; raw P = 0.24) or noncancer (HR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.01; raw P = 0.56) mortality. However, gluten intake was positively associated with ischemic heart disease mortality (HR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.04; raw P = 0.003, Holm-adjusted P = 0.04).</p>
CONCLUSIONS: Gluten intake is not significantly associated with all-cause and cancer mortality in adults without celiac disease. The findings support the hypothesis that limiting gluten intake is unlikely to provide significant overall survival benefits on a population level. The positive association between gluten intake and ischemic heart disease mortality requires further study.</p>
14 Keywords
- Cause of Death
- Cohort Studies
- Diet
- Eating
- Feeding Behavior
- Female
- Glutens
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mortality
- Prospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- United Kingdom
3 Authors
- Inken Behrendt
- Mathias Fasshauer
- Gerrit Eichner
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