| Title: | Frailty, sarcopenia, cachexia and malnutrition as comorbid conditions and their associations with mortality: a prospective study from UK Biobank |
| Journal: | Journal of Public Health |
| Published: | 11 Jan 2021 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33423060/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa226 |
| URL: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9234318 |
| Citations: | 27 (17 in last 2 years) as of 8 Aug 2024 |
Publication 4864
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Frailty, sarcopenia, cachexia and malnutrition are clinical conditions that share similar diagnostic criteria. This study aimed to investigate the clustering and mortality risk among these clinical conditions in middle- and older-aged adults.</p>
METHODS: 111 983 participants from UK Biobank were included. Sarcopenia was defined according to the EWGSOP 2019 while frailty using a modified version of the Fried criteria. Cachexia was defined using the Evans et al. classification and malnutrition using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition. The exposure variable was categorized as: no conditions; frailty only (one condition); frailty with sarcopenia (two conditions); frailty with ≥2 other conditions (three or four conditions). Its association with all-cause mortality was investigated using Cox-proportional hazard analysis.</p>
RESULTS: Frailty had the highest prevalence (45%) and was present in 92.1% of people with malnutrition and everyone with sarcopenia or cachexia. Compared with people with no conditions, those with frailty only and frailty with sarcopenia had higher risk of all-cause mortality. Individuals with frailty plus ≥2 other conditions had even higher risk (HR: 4.96 [95% CI: 2.73 to 9.01]).</p>
CONCLUSIONS: The four clinical conditions investigated overlapped considerably, being frailty the most common. The risk of all-cause mortality increased with the increasing number of conditions in addition to frailty.</p>
10 Keywords
- Adult
- Biological Specimen Banks
- Cachexia
- Frailty
- Humans
- Malnutrition
- Middle Aged
- Prospective Studies
- Sarcopenia
- United Kingdom
4 Authors
- Fanny Petermann-Rocha
- Jill P Pell
- Carlos Celis-Morales
- Frederick K Ho
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