| Title: | Familial factors, diet, and risk of cardiovascular disease: a cohort analysis of the UK Biobank |
| Journal: | American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |
| Published: | 1 Nov 2021 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34375391/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab261 |
| Citations: | 17 (10 in last 2 years) as of 8 Aug 2024 |
Publication 4849
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Both diet and familial factors have a major role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it remains unclear whether familial predisposition to CVD modifies the association between dietary factors and CVD.</p>
OBJECTIVES: The aim was to assess whether the association between diet and CVD varies with familial predisposition to CVD.</p>
METHODS: In this prospective cohort of the UK Biobank, 462,155 CVD-free participants were included in 2006-2010 and followed for CVD incidence until 2020. Food intake was measured using a short food-frequency questionnaire. Familial predisposition was measured by self-reported family history of CVD and by polygenic risk score (PRS) for CVD based on summary statistics of independent genome-wide association studies.</p>
RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 11.2 y, 46,164 incident CVD cases were identified. A moderately higher risk of CVD was associated with more frequent processed-meat consumption, with an adjusted HR of 1.07 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.11; highest vs. lowest level). Conversely, intakes of fish, cheese, vegetables, and fruit were each associated with reduced CVD risk [HR (95% CI): 0.92 (0.89, 0.96), 0.90 (0.86, 0.94), 0.98 (0.95, 1.00), and 0.93 (0.89, 0.96), respectively]. Stratification analyses by family history of CVD and by PRS for CVD revealed an inverse association between CVD and intakes of fish and cheese, for both subgroups with and without a familial predisposition to CVD. Notably, while the association between processed-meat intake and CVD was restricted to individuals with a familial predisposition to CVD [e.g., HR: 1.11 (1.05, 1.16) and 1.03 (0.97, 1.10) for with and without a family history, respectively, P-interaction < 0.001], the risk reduction of CVD associated with vegetable and fruit intake was only noted among participants without a CVD familial predisposition [e.g., HR for fruit consumption: 1.00 (0.97, 1.03) and 0.91 (0.87, 0.95), respectively, P < 0.001].</p>
CONCLUSIONS: Familial factors modify the association between diet and CVD, underscoring the need for personalized dietary guidelines for CVD prevention.</p>
12 Keywords
- Adult
- Aged
- Biological Specimen Banks
- Cardiovascular Diseases
- Diet
- Family
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prospective Studies
- Risk Factors
12 Authors
- Hanyue Zhang
- Yu Zeng
- Huazhen Yang
- Yihan Hu
- Yao Hu
- Wenwen Chen
- Zhiye Ying
- Yajing Sun
- Yuanyuan Qu
- Qian Li
- Unnur A Valdimarsdóttir
- Huan Song
Enabling scientific discoveries that improve human health