| Title: | Associations of CLivD score with dementia, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality in the general population from the UK biobank |
| Journal: | BMC Medicine |
| Published: | 24 Aug 2026 |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-026-05166-3 |
| URL: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-026-05166-3 |
Publication 20922
WARNING: the interactive features of this website use CSS3, which your browser does not support. To use the full features of this website, please update your browser.
Abstract
BackgroundThe Chronic Liver Disease (CLivD) score is a non-invasive marker of advanced liver disease risk. We evaluated its associations with dementia, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and all-cause mortality.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included UK Biobank participants with calculable CLivD scores at baseline (2006-2010). Two previously validated versions of the score were calculated: a laboratory-based CLivD (CLivDlab), incorporating age, sex, waist-hip ratio, alcohol consumption, diabetes, smoking, and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and a non-laboratory CLivD (CLivDnonlab), based on the same predictors without GGT. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and restricted cubic spline functions. Additional models adjusted for centered age and sex.ResultsThis prospective cohort study included 88,449 UK Biobank participants with calculable CLivD scores (2006-2010) and a mean 9.76-year follow-up. During follow-up, 1,052 (1.19%) developed dementia, 8,814 (9.97%) experienced CVD, 15,882 (17.96%) were diagnosed with cancer, and 4,944 (5.59%) participants died. Compared to the lowest CLivD quartile (Q1), the highest quartile (Q4) was associated with significantly elevated risks of dementia (CLivDlab: HR = 5.57, 95% CI [4.37-7.11]; CLivDnonlab: HR = 4.39, 95% CI [3.51-5.50] ), CVD (CLivDlab: HR = 4.23, 95% CI [3.93-4.55]; CLivDnonlab: HR = 3.59, 95% CI [3.34-3.85] ), cancer (CLivDlab: HR = 2.27, 95% CI [2.17-2.38]; CLivDnonlab: HR = 2.11, 95% CI [2.01-2.21] ), and mortality (CLivDlab: HR = 4.77, 95% CI [4.31-5.28]; CLivDnonlab: HR = 4.14, 95% CI [3.76-4.56] ), all p values < 0.001. Associations were attenuated after additional adjustment for centered age and sex, but the highest CLivDlab quartile remained associated with all four outcomes. Higher CLivD scores were also associated with Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, stroke, coronary heart disease, and heart failure. Kaplan-Meier curves showed higher cumulative incidence across increasing CLivD quartiles, and most dose-response associations were nonlinear.ConclusionsHigher CLivD scores identified individuals at increased risk of dementia, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality in the general population. These findings support CLivD as a broad risk stratification marker, while its interpretation should account for demographic components embedded in the score and requires validation in more diverse populations.</p>
22 Authors
- Guozhe Sun
- Jie Chen
- Hongmei Yang
- Caiyu Zhang
- Chenhua He
- Ying Zhou
- Lin Guan
- Shiyu Zhou
- Yao Yu
- Jun Wang
- Xiangyu Tan
- Yangzhi Yin
- Ziyi Xie
- Wei Miao
- Wenhang Li
- Yifei Chen
- Xiaoxuan Tian
- Tianhao Li
- Xiaobing Zhou
- Mengling Lu
- Guangxiao Li
- Xiaofan Guo
Enabling scientific discoveries that improve human health