| Title: | The individual and combined associations of depression and socioeconomic status with risk of major cardiovascular events: A prospective cohort study |
| Journal: | Journal of Psychosomatic Research |
| Published: | 22 Jun 2022 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35763943/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110978 |
Publication 14023
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the individual and combined associations of depression and low socioeconomic status (SES) with risk of major cardiovascular events (MCVE), defined as first-ever fatal or non-fatal stroke or myocardial infarction, in a large prospective cohort study.</p>
METHODS: We used data from 466,238 UK Biobank participants, aged 40-69 years without cardiovascular disease, bipolar disorder or schizophrenia at baseline. We performed Cox proportional hazard models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the individual and combined associations of depression and each of educational attainment, area-based deprivation and income with risk of MCVE. We assessed effect modification and explored interaction on the additive and multiplicative scale.</p>
RESULTS: Depression, low education, high area-based deprivation and low income were individually associated with increased risks of MCVE (adjusted HR, 95% CI: 1.28, 1.19-1.38; 1.20, 1.14-1.27; 1.17, 1.11-1.23; and 1.22, 1.16-1.29, respectively). Depression was associated with increased risks of MCVE among individuals with high and low SES. Individuals with depression and each of low education, high area-based deprivation and low income were at particularly high risk of MCVE (HR, 95% CI: 1.50, 1.38-1.63; 1.63, 1.46-1.82; 1.31, 1.23-1.40, respectively). There was interaction between depression and area-based deprivation on multiplicative and additive scales but no interaction with education or income.</p>
CONCLUSION: Depression was associated with increased risks of MCVE among individuals with high and low SES, with particularly high risks among those living in areas of high deprivation.</p>
7 Keywords
- Cardiovascular Diseases
- Depression
- Humans
- Myocardial Infarction
- Prospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Social Class
3 Authors
- Regina Prigge
- Sarah H Wild
- Caroline A Jackson
1 Application
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 13797 | Socioeconomic status, depression and risk of stroke: analysis of 750,000 participants from two prospective cohort studies |
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