| Title: | The Safety Profile of Vitamin D Supplements Using Real-World Data from 445,493 Participants of the UK Biobank: Slightly Higher Hypercalcemia Prevalence but Neither Increased Risks of Kidney Stones nor Atherosclerosis |
| Journal: | Nutrients |
| Published: | 12 Jul 2024 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39064694/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142251 |
Publication 12843
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Abstract
Background: Potential calcium-related adverse events of vitamin D supplement use have not been addressed in large-scale, real-world data so far. Methods: Leveraging data from the UK Biobank, encompassing 445,493 individuals aged 40-69, we examined associations of high 25-hydroxyvitamin (25(OH)D) levels ≥ 100 nmol/L and vitamin D supplementation with hypercalcemia (serum calcium > 2.6 mmol/L), kidney stones, and atherosclerosis assessments (pulse wave arterial stiffness index and carotid intima-medial thickness). Regression models were comprehensively adjusted for 49 covariates. Results: Approximately 1.5% of the participants had high 25(OH)D levels, 4.3% regularly used vitamin D supplements, and 20.4% reported regular multivitamin use. At baseline, the hypercalcemia prevalence was 1.6%, and 1.1% was diagnosed with kidney stones during follow-up. High 25(OH)D levels were neither associated with calcium-related adverse events nor atherosclerosis assessments. Vitamin D and multivitamin supplementation were associated with an increased prevalence of hypercalcemia (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals: 1.46 [1.32-1.62] and 1.11 [1.04-1.18], respectively) but were neither associated with atherosclerosis nor future kidney stones. Conclusions: High 25(OH)D levels observable in routine care were not associated with any adverse outcome. Vitamin D users have a slightly higher prevalence of hypercalcemia, possibly due to co-supplementation with calcium, but without a higher atherosclerosis prevalence or risk of kidney stones.</p>
17 Keywords
- Adult
- Aged
- Atherosclerosis
- Biological Specimen Banks
- Calcium
- Dietary Supplements
- Female
- Humans
- Hypercalcemia
- Kidney Calculi
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prevalence
- Risk Factors
- UK Biobank
- United Kingdom
- Vitamin D
6 Authors
- Sha Sha
- Miriam Degen
- Tomislav Vlaski
- Ziwen Fan
- Hermann Brenner
- Ben Schöttker
1 Application
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 62848 | Vitamin D and health outcomes |
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