| Title: | The additive impact of cardio-metabolic disorders and psychiatric illnesses on accelerated brain aging |
| Journal: | Human Brain Mapping |
| Published: | 3 Feb 2022 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35112422/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25769 |
| URL: | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/hbm.25769 |
| Citations: | 10 (5 in last 2 years) as of 8 Aug 2024 |
Publication 12569
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Abstract
Severe mental illnesses (SMI) including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) elevate accelerated brain aging risks. Cardio-metabolic disorders (CMD) are common comorbidities in SMI and negatively impact brain health. We validated a linear quantile regression index (QRI) approach against the machine learning "BrainAge" index in an independent SSD cohort (N = 206). We tested the direct and additive effects of SMI and CMD effects on accelerated brain aging in the N = 1,618 (604 M/1,014 F, average age = 63.53 ± 7.38) subjects with SMI and N = 11,849 (5,719 M/6,130 F; 64.42 ± 7.38) controls from the UK Biobank. Subjects were subdivided based on diagnostic status: SMI+/CMD+ (N = 665), SMI+/CMD- (N = 964), SMI-/CMD+ (N = 3,765), SMI-/CMD- (N = 8,083). SMI (F = 40.47, p = 2.06 × 10-10 ) and CMD (F = 24.69, p = 6.82 × 10-7 ) significantly, independently impacted whole-brain QRI in SMI+. SSD had the largest effect (Cohen's d = 1.42) then BD (d = 0.55), and MDD (d = 0.15). Hypertension had a significant effect on SMI+ (d = 0.19) and SMI- (d = 0.14). SMI effects were direct, independent of MD, and remained significant after correcting for effects of antipsychotic medications. Whole-brain QRI was significantly (p < 10-16 ) associated with the volume of white matter hyperintensities (WMH). However, WMH did not show significant association with SMI and was driven by CMD, chiefly hypertension (p < 10-16 ). We used a simple and robust index, QRI, the demonstrate additive effect of SMI and CMD on accelerated brain aging. We showed a greater effect of psychiatric illnesses on QRI compared to cardio-metabolic illness. Our findings suggest that subjects with SMI should be among the targets for interventions to protect against age-related cognitive decline.</p>
9 Keywords
- Aged
- Aging
- Brain
- Depressive Disorder, Major
- Humans
- Hypertension
- Mental Disorders
- Metabolic Diseases
- Middle Aged
17 Authors
- Meghann C. Ryan
- L. Elliot Hong
- Kathryn S. Hatch
- Si Gao
- Shuo Chen
- Krystl Haerian
- Jingtao Wang
- Eric L. Goldwaser
- Xiaoming Du
- Bhim M. Adhikari
- Heather Bruce
- Stephanie Hare
- Mark D. Kvarta
- Neda Jahanshad
- Thomas E. Nichols
- Paul M. Thompson
- Peter Kochunov
Enabling scientific discoveries that improve human health