| Title: | C-reactive protein partially mediates the inverse association between coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: The UK Biobank and the Rotterdam study cohorts |
| Journal: | Clinical Nutrition |
| Published: | 7 Mar 2023 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36940600/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2023.02.024 |
| URL: | https://pure.eur.nl/files/86497711/C_reactive_protein_partially_mediates_the_inverse_association_between_coffee_consumption_and_risk_of_type_2_diabetes.pdf |
Publication 11180
WARNING: the interactive features of this website use CSS3, which your browser does not support. To use the full features of this website, please update your browser.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Coffee is among the most consumed beverages worldwide. Coffee consumption has been associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), but underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We aimed to study the role of classic and novel-T2D biomarkers with anti- or pro-inflammatory activity in the association between habitual coffee intake and T2D risk. Furthermore, we studied differences by coffee types and smoking status in this association.</p>
METHODS: Using two large population-based cohorts, the UK-Biobank (UKB; n = 145,368) and the Rotterdam Study (RS; n = 7111), we investigated associations of habitual coffee consumption with incident T2D and repeated measures of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), using Cox proportional hazards and mixed effect models, respectively. Additionally, we studied associations between coffee and subclinical inflammation biomarkers including C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-13, and adipokines, such as adiponectin and leptin, using linear regression models. Next, we performed formal causal mediation analyses to investigate the role of coffee-associated biomarkers in the association of coffee with T2D. Finally, we evaluated effect modification by coffee type and smoking. All models were adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related factors.</p>
RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 13.9 (RS) and 7.4 (UKB) years, 843 and 2290 incident T2D cases occurred, respectively. A 1 cup/day increase in coffee consumption was associated with 4% lower T2D risk (RS, HR = 0.96 [95%CI 0.92; 0.99], p = 0.045; UKB, HR = 0.96 [0.94; 0.98], p < 0.001), with lower HOMA-IR (RS, log-transformed β = -0.017 [-0.024;-0.010], p < 0.001), and with lower CRP (RS, log-transformed β = -0.014 [-0.022;-0.005], p = 0.002; UKB, β = -0.011 [-0.012;-0.009], p < 0.001). We also observed associations of higher coffee consumption with higher serum adiponectin and IL-13 concentrations, and with lower leptin concentrations. Coffee-related CRP levels partially mediated the inverse association of coffee intake with T2D incidence (average mediation effect RS β = 0.105 (0.014; 0.240), p = 0.016; UKB β = 6.484 (4.265; 9.339), p < 0.001), with a proportion mediated by CRP from 3.7% [-0.012%; 24.4%] (RS) to 9.8% [5,7%; 25.8%] (UKB). No mediation effect was observed for the other biomarkers. Coffee-T2D and coffee-CRP associations were generally stronger among consumers of ground (filtered or espresso) coffee and among never and former smokers.</p>
CONCLUSIONS: Lower subclinical inflammation may partially mediate the beneficial association between coffee consumption and lower T2D risk. Consumers of ground coffee and non-smokers may benefit the most. KEYWORDS (MESH TERMS): coffee consumptions; diabetes mellitus, type 2; inflammation; adipokines; biomarkers; mediation analysis; follow-up studies.</p>
11 Authors
- Carolina Ochoa-Rosales
- Niels van der Schaft
- Kim V E Braun
- Frederick K Ho
- Fanny Petermann-Rocha
- Fariba Ahmadizar
- Maryam Kavousi
- Jill P Pell
- M Arfan Ikram
- Carlos A Celis-Morales
- Trudy Voortman
Enabling scientific discoveries that improve human health