| Title: | Association of a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet With Plasma Lipid Levels and Cardiovascular Risk |
| Journal: | JACC Advances |
| Published: | 25 Mar 2024 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39081652/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.100924 |
| Citations: | 3 (3 in last 2 years) as of 8 Aug 2024 |
Publication 10152
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Abstract
Background: Low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) diets have attracted interest for a variety of conditions. In some individuals, these diets trigger hypercholesterolemia. There are limited data on their effects on cardiovascular disease risk.</p>
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between LCHF dietary patterns, lipid levels, and incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).</p>
Methods: In a cohort from the UK Biobank, participants with ≥1 24-hour dietary questionnaire were identified. A LCHF diet was defined as <100 g/day and/or <25% total daily energy from carbohydrates/day and >45% total daily energy from fat, with participants on a standard diet (SD) not meeting these criteria. Each LCHF case was age- and sex-matched 1:4 to SD individuals.</p>
Results: Of the 2034 LCHF and 8136 SD identified participants, 305 LCHF and 1220 SD individuals completed an enrollment assessment concurrently with lipid collection. In this cohort, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B levels were significantly increased in the LCHF vs SD group (P < 0.001). 11.1% of LCHF and 6.2% of SD individuals demonstrated severe hypercholesterolemia (LDL-C >5 mmol/L, P < 0.001). After 11.8 years, 9.8% of LCHF vs 4.3% of SD participants experienced a MACE (P < 0.001). This difference remained significant after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors (HR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.39-3.43, P < 0.001). Individuals with an elevated LDL-C polygenic risk score had the highest concentrations of LDL-C on a LCHF diet. Similar significant changes in lipid levels and MACE associations were confirmed in the entire cohort and in ≥2 dietary surveys.</p>
Conclusions: Consumption of a LCHF diet was associated with increased LDL-C and apolipoprotein B levels, and an increased risk of incident MACE.</p>
5 Authors
- Iulia Iatan
- Kate Huang
- Diana Vikulova
- Shubhika Ranjan
- Liam R. Brunham
1 Application
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 42857 | Influence of plasma lipoprotein genetics on infectious disease outcomes |
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